A study of computer organization and assembly, language programming. Topics include basic, machine architecture and design, digital logic, circuits, digital components, central processing, unit, machine representation of instructions and, data, addressing techniques, memory organization, and execution of instructions at machine level., Assembly language programming topics include:, syntax, instruction types, control structures,, data types, subroutines, input/output, macros,, hybrid-programs and the programming language, translation process. Several programming projects, will be required of each student. Pre-requisite: , CS 132.