This course is a survey of the political, economic, social, and cultural history of the European nations starting with the Congress of Vienna to the modern day. The changes in political, social, cultural, and economic events, inclusive of the industrialization of society, and the national, class, ethnic, race, and gender conflicts that dominated this time period, inclusive of their ideological aspects, will be explored. Some topics considered are nationalism, imperialism, Communism, Fascism, the two World Wars, the Cold War, the post USSR nations and a united Europe with an emphasis on humanity's disillusionment with the promises of earlier generations. Students will also be introduced to historiography and historical methodology.